第四章 Europe in the Middle Ages 中世纪的
书迷正在阅读：神级扮演：从小丑开始、地下城之主、全球天选：开局觉醒百倍经验天赋、妖魔入侵：我成救世大剑仙、名侦探柯南续集、火影：等会，我先戴个写轮眼、神奇宝贝之无尽轮回、这个世界的穿越者有点多、异界游戏王之虚空变、潜伏火箭队，只为超梦
ire， after the first dramatic flare up between Gregory and Henry Ⅳ， but also in France and England. ??Rome and the struggle for power: AD 1076–1138 ??The nine–year struggle between pope Gregory VII and the emperor Henry IV provides a vivid glimpse of the political role of the medieval papacy. St Gregory， canonized in the Catholic Reformation， is one of the great defenders of papal power. His career involves incessant power–broking and military struggle. ??Henry IV， alarmed at the demands being made over investiture， sends a threatening letter to the pope in 1076. The pope responds by excommunicating the emperor. By his public penance at Canossa， Henry has the excommunicatio