第八章 The Industrial Revolution 工业革命
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Nor could the atmospheric engine be easily adapted to drive a rotating wheel， although Wasborough and Pickard did succeed in doing so towards 1780. However by 1783 the more economical Watt steam engine had been fully developed into a double–acting rotative type， which meant that it could be used to directly drive the rotary machinery of a factory or mill. Both of Watt’s basic engine types were commercially very successful， and by 1800， the firm Boulton & Watt had constructed 496 engines， with 164 driving reciprocating pumps， 24 serving blast furnaces， and 308 powering mill machinery; most of the engines generated from 5 to 10 hp (7.5 kW). ??The development of machine tools， such as