第四章 Europe in the Middle Ages 中世纪的
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Pope Adrian I in 772， he demanded the return of certain cities in the former exarchate of Ravenna as in accordance with a promise of Desiderius’ succession. Desiderius instead took over certain papal cities and invaded the Pentapolis， heading for Rome. Adrian sent embassies to Charlemagne in autumn requesting he enforce the policies of his father， Pippin. Desiderius sent his own embassies denying the pope’s charges. The embassies both met at Thionville and Charlemagne upheld the pope’s side. Charlemagne promptly demanded what the pope had demanded and Desiderius promptly swore never to comply. Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia，